Copy editor processing device



June 27, 1967 R. L. SORENSEN ETAL 3,323,764

COPY EDITUR PROCESSING DEVICE Filed Oct. 22, 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet s 'I'hvN31 inn (Slnilh) I) Tovhnology 1) Hvrv Comr- I'hv Robots 'lhv plnpusv oithosv samples is to illustratv the various forms that mpy will Hlkv in1|unow Copy Prm-vssing Systom, and to (lomonstrutv The 1130 of thesystmn ul' instrm-tiou ((HIUS that typists will use to provide the CopyProvossor with tfw information it nnmls,

Whom-Wu" :1 iypim gvis a piere of copy to retype, with the oxreptinn ofwriter's vopy it will haw a firm lino called the Instruction Lino. Thefirst: group of RPVUH symbols (111L011 tho Index Group consist of afirst 101.1;01? which fdrzntffios u [imv Im-orpm'atl-d opvration (forexample T for TIME), a second letter whivh idontifius a (lvpartmem ol'1hat operation (examplu: A for The Nation), two (ligifs 1o ilo:11il' xho partimlur story, followed by three digits which will be the ImlvxNumhm' of tho vursion of tho story as stored in tho vonqnHr-r's memory.

O1|.l thv ihruu digits of The Index Number are changed as tho story gensthrough suooss'ivn mlihn'ia'l rolinnmvnt's.

INVENTORS. ROBERT L. ORENSEN B HERMAN D. PARKS their ATTORNEYS.

June 27, 1967 R. L. SORENSEN ETAL 3, 8, 6

COPY EDITOR PROCESSING DEVICE Filed Oct. 22, 1961': 9 Sheets-Sheet 4FIG. 3B

l'lu' N111 inn (SmHh) l'ri 7/14 abc PLTECHNOIIOUY Qlillme Cunu' TheRobots EATIH pulpusl' ul' these sampl es is to ill strata the variousforms that copy wi l lnklin 1 he now Copy Processing System, and todemonstrate the use u'f 11H kg. cm 01' ineirm-tirm nodes that typj stswill use to provide the Copy Prom-5501' with 1 he information it needs,gkwhenever a typist gets a pjere of (-011 to retype, with the cxveptionof writer's copy it will have a first line called the Instruetion Line.The first group of seven symbols called the Index Group vonsist 0] afirst letter which identifies a Time Incorporated operation (for exampleT for TIME), a second letter which identifies a department of thatuperat ion (exwnplrz: A for The Nation) two digits to identify theparticular story, followed by three digits which will be the IndexNumber of the version of the story as stored in the vumputer's memory.Only the three digits of the Index Nnmhcrr are (hanged as the stury goesthrough successive editorial refinements. EB

8" AT TORNEYS.

June 27, 1967 Filed Oct. 22.

R. L. SORENSEN ETAL 3,328,764

COPY EDITOR PROCESSING DEVICE 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Q mi The Nation(Smith) Fri 7/14 ahc EL IECHNOLOCY Now A n Th0 purposo of these samp1esis to illustrate the various forms that opy wj L1 Italtake in tho newCop Processing System and to demonstrate the use of tho Ital- SYFIQIE!of instrm-tion odes that typists will use to provide the'Copy Processorwith tho information it needs,

Whvnm'm? u t cpist gets a piece of Copy t0 retype, with the exception01' writer s (-opy i t called the Instruction Li no, The first sr-w-n1rmhol s wullcrl the Index Group Consist of a first letter which identiHos group of 5 5-6. .75. r.- a I'imn IIHAF-fiQ-E-H-GHJ- operation (forexample T forTIME) a socond letter whivh idc-nti I'ios a department ofthat operation/(example: A for The Nation) two digii s in Y to Monti !'ythe partjvular story, three digits whivh will hr the Index Numhm" oi theversion of tho story as stored in the c'omputers memory.

PM ihu thrm digs ts of the Indox Number are rhangod is the story gousthrough sm-ossivo editorial 'rcf'im-monts (I24 INVENTORS. ROBERT L.soneussru a HERMAN u. PARKS Y 46 "nil ATTORNEYS.

June 27, 1967 R. 1.. SORENSEN ETAL 3, 2 ,764

COPY EDITCR PROCESSING DEVICE Filed Oct. 22, 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 TheNation (Smit 11) Fri 7/14 def PENew Approavh I liT0 Copy Provessing E007008 take in the new F BCopy Processing System, FAOlOOll will use 10provide the lgcopy Processor FA0l30l6copy, its first line will be\illlCll the it: seven symbols of this line, called the Index Group,will 0 2 O :2 Tfyimo lillfgm. floperation (for example T for TF Dime)Elia second letter which M23024 to identify the particular story, andfinally three digits which will be the Index Numhor oi the version ofthe story As the story goes through successive editorial refinements,only the last three digits of the Index Number are changed. 2

The Nation (Smith) Sat 7/15 ghi 009011 [L13 system of instruction codeletters that typists will use to provide 1 he Cop) Provessor with theinformation it needs. 017018 copy, its first line will be called the020027 the particular story and finally the last three INVENTORS. ROBERTL. SORENSEN Bu HERMAN D. PARKS their A TTORNEYS.

R. L. SORENSEN ETAL COPY EDITOR PROCESSING DEVICE Filed Oct. 22, 1963 9Sheets-Sheet mm 3m M E The Nation (Smith) Fri 7/14 def DBNew Approzl('1:

The purpose of these samp] cs is to illustrate the various forms thatcopy will takc in the new l'BCopy Processing System/FA and todemonstrate the use of the s'yetcm 01' instruction code that t ists illuse to rovide the Co v Processor A VP P P Mwfth the information itneeds.

Whenever a typist gets :1 piece of copy copy it s first line wi'l 1 heca] led the Instruction Line. The first group of to retype, with theexception of writer's seven sjxmlm] s of this line called the IndexGroup, will consist of a first letter wh i ch identifies a TEBjmG FAIFDnc. FAoperation (for example T for T1 1) .imn)

[A11 Rcvunri lcitcr which identifies a departmenc of that operation(example: A

Me ea for The Nation) two digits to identi fy thc particular story, andfinall three 1 igitb whi rh wi 17] be the Index Number 0f the version ofthe story as stored in 1 he cumput vr's memory. As the story goesthrough successive editorial rel'incmcnia:

nuh 1 he I :lst 1.|l]f(0 r11 '1' ts of the Index Number are chan ed.()"5 INVENTORS. ROBERT L. SORENSEN 8 their ATTORNEYS.

June 27, 1967 Filed Oct. 22,

R. SORENSEN ETAL 3,328,764

COPY EDITOR PROCESSING DEVICE 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 The Nation (Smith)Sat 7/15 ghi EEEYIICHNOLOGY )I i .iew Approavh The purpose of thesesamples is to illustrate the various forms that copy will take in thenew FBCopy Processing Syst em, FAund to demonstrate the use 01' the systof instruction code letters that typists will use to provide the CopyProcessor with the information it needs.

Whenever a typist gets a piece of copy to retype, wi th the exveption ofthe writ r's c-opy, its first line will be (all- (I the InstructionLine. The F1 rst group of seven symbols of this line, called 1 he IndexGroup, will vonsist of a first letter which identifies a TFDime FAIFDnc.FAope-rution (for example T Tar TI-TJTmET FAa 500ml letter whichidentifies aTepartmeut of that operation (example: A for The Natio twodigits to identify the particular story and final ly the last threedigits which will be the Index Number 01 the version of the story asstored in the Computer's memory. As the story goes throughlsuccessive]editom refinementj, only the last three digits er -the W are changed.025

TAO4 32 AA E Q 004020 TF Dhe ENEEationfA) two digits to identify the022025 goes through each editorial refinement. only the last threedigits are changed. {32

INVENTORS.

ROBERT L. SORENSEN 8x HERMAN D. PARKS their ATTORNEYS.

June 27, 1967 R. SORENSEN ETAL 3,

COPY EDITOR PROCESSING DEVICE Filed Oct. 22, 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 LE1'l'lll Nllt'l'nll (Smith) Sat 7/15 ghi 0\ (H111 ll/\l'l.'(:llN()] Xl(Y Wuni, lllllll-w "\pprutu-h Hi l 'I'hv pmpuso ul ThfS samples is to ht?illuatrutrthrvarious forms that c-opy W will tnlw in the new IllCopyProvossing W S L-sl1-|n l'Anml to llvmnmitrute the use 01' 7h? tht- 51mm instruvtion (-mlu letters W that typists will use to provillo thr-Copy HI H Py'mvssur with thv inl'urmut ion it. nrrr-tls. IT Whmu'vur :1typist gots a pin-('0 01' vopy W1? tn rvtypv, with the nxt-cption n! thewritur's 1111)), its first line will lu' val]- m ml t.|\('Illhlllltlifil] Linc. The first group W ul suvt-n symhrxls or this line,(-ullvll W thv Imh-x ()rul|p will vmlsisl' 01 :1 first." W ll-ttnr whivhillllll'lfiflhf a 'II'Dimv I-AIFDnv. W l'Au wrat'inu (For oxamplv T T51THE m3 FAa ITI .ZFvmul lut'tvr whit-h identities {Th-part MT mnnt' ofthat npvrutirm ((-xamplm A For W Tlllhv I-ANlllntiunlAL two digits toidentify (T? 1h? pufi imlau STy um] l'inulfly the last thrvv digitsWIl'it'll will In) the Imlex Num- W ln-r nl thn vl-rsinn ml the story asstored F1? in thv l-umputvr's memory. As the story T2? guvs through vm'heditorial refinement, W3 1 only tlw lust lhrct digits are changed.

INVENTORS. ROBERT L.SORENSEN 8 Y HERMAN D. PARKS f? m l m theirATTORNEYS.

United States Patent 3,328,764 COPY EDITOR PROCESSING DEVICE RobertLouis Sorensen, Westport, and Herman D. Parks, Norwalk. C0nn., assignorsto Time, Incorporated, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York FiledOct. 22, 1963, Ser. No. 317,915 13 Claims. (Cl. 340-1725) This inventionrelates to a method for processing editorial matter (copy) through oneor more transcription cycles beginning with, say, a writers manuscriptas an initial input and terminating as the final output with a record(printed and/or coded on a medium) incorporating all editorial changesmade between successive transcription cycles.

In the conventional mode of preparing copy for, say, the composition ofmagazines or books, copy is retyped several times. The first typingconverts the writers manuscript into clean typescript of a specifiedformat. Thereafter a second typing takes place after editing. Theretyped copy may again be edited or checked for grammatical or factualcontent and if satisfactory, be again keyboarded, this time onteletypesetter (TTS) machines which produce both hardcopy and tape.Finally, after the hardcopy has been proofread and altered for fit, anew tape is made by using the old tape to control the punching ofunchanged portions of the copy, and by having the operator intervene tokeyboard in changed portions. The final tape may then be used totransmit the copy as a teletype message to a remote printing plant or todrive a tape operated phototypesetter.

Objects of the present invention are to reduce the amount of labor andthe degree of skill required in the conventional transcription processand to reduce the time conventionally required for transcribing a givenpiece of copy, particularly in the more advanced stages of editorialrefinement. A further object of the present invention is to reduce thegeneration of new typographical errors due to re-keyboarding of soundcopy.

These and other objects are realized according to the invention by amethod in which a unit of copy (a news story, a book chapter, or anypart thereof which is to be processed as a unit) is progressivelyperfected for composing purposes by being revised or otherwise workedupon in an iterative manner in each of a succession of copy processingcycles. A copy processing cycle is defined herein as the operations,which begin with the keyboarding of an input unit of copy and which endwith the making by an output device of a record of the unit of copy asprocessed in that cycle. As explained in detail hereinafter, such outputrecord may be, for example, a printed output copy (produced by, say, anoutput typewriter or printing machine) or it may be output copy in theform of a coded record such as that provided by a punched tape. In everycopy processing cycle except the last the output copy is or may besubjected to editorial revision.

In accordance with the invention, the mentioned succession of copyprocessing cycles have a closed loop relation with each other in that,for any cycle except for the last, the editorially revised output copyfrom a given cycle is the material which is keyboarded in an abbreviatedversion to provide the input copy for the next cycle. In each of suchcycles, the processed copy not only is provided as an output but, inaddition, is electronically stored in coded form. The use made of suchstoring of information is that, in every cycle except the first, thecopy stored during the previous cycle is automatically called out tosupply for the new cycle those lines of copy material which are saved,i.e., not been changed by editing between the end of the previous3,328,764 Patented June 27, 1967 cycle and the beginning of the newcycle. Because all of the saved lines are so supplied from storage, thetypist at the beginning of any new cycle (except the first) is calledupon to keyboard for input purposes only those lines of text materialwhich have been editorially revised before that beginning but since theend of the previous cycle. Thus, as compared to the describedconventional method of preparing copy wherein all the lines of copy mustbe keyboarded in every keyboarding, the method according to the presentinvention substantially reduces the labor involved and skill required inkeyboarding successive versions of a unit of copy, and, moreover,reduces commensurately the probability of generating new keyboardingerrors in the course of successive keyboardings.

For a better understanding of the invention, reference is made to thefollowing description of a representative method of practice of theinvention and to the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a system for carrying out themethod;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the progress of an exemplary unitof copy through the FIG. 1 system during successive copy processingcycles; and

FIGS. 3A to 3] are representative of the form assumed by such exemplaryunit of copy at various stages of progress represented in the FIG. 2diagram.

General description Referring now to FIG. 1, the reference numerals 10a,10b and 10c designate three similar input machines to which more can beadded up to say, a total number of twenty. Since all the machines areall essentially the same, only the machine 10a will be described indetail.

The machine 10a has a standard typewriter keyboard adapted when operatedby a typist both to provide on a roll or fan fold paper supply a typescript (typist copy) of the keyboard material and to punch into anoutput tape 11a a string of codings representing such material. Thekeyboard has ribbon shift capability so that by operating a specialinstruction key the typist may type in red ribbon on the type script andsimultaneously flag codings on the tape as being red-ribbon codings.Moreover, the machine has a special key for killing any wholly orpartially typed line of characters. The machine 10a is, for example, amodel SFD Flexowriter tape perforator manufactured by the FridenCompany.

A copy processing by the FIG. 1 system is initiated by supplying to thetypist of, say, the perforator 10a a writer's manuscript or other unitof raw copy. As indicated by arrow 15, such initial copy comes fromoutside the system, i.e., has an origin which is not within the systemitself.

The manuscript is entered as an input to the system by keyboarding it onthe mentioned perforator 10a. A typescript record of the keyboarding ismade on the platen of the machine in the conventional manner, but thatrecord has no purpose in the system beyond providing the typist with avisual record of her keyboarding. The useful output of input typing isthe string or sequence of coding punched in the tape 11a as a result ofthe keyboarding operations.

During the typing of the new copy, the typist includes before, during,and after the normal copy text a variety of instruction codes whichindicate, for example, the type faces, line measures and the kind andformat of the output copy to be produced by the system at the end of thefirst cycle. Those instruction codes are typed as regular alphanumericcharacters, but are signified as instruction codes by the typistdepressing the instruction key during their keyboarding. As mentioned,the effect of depressing the instruction key is (1) to cause theinstruction code characters to appear in red on the typists copy, and(2) to flag the corresponding punch codings on tape 110 as being redribbon or instruction codings. One of such instruction codes is an indexgroup which is typed out in red ribbon in a separate line ahead of therest of the copy to form a heading therefor. As originally typed thecoding of such Index group provides certain information on the categoryof the particular unit of copy being keyboarded, but it does not provideany index number.

In the typing of the text of the copy, the typist keyboards the copywithout numbering the lines on the lefthand margin and without regard toline length. That is, within the body of the copy, the typist mayinitiate a carriage return at any time without affecting the lineationof the output copy, that lineation being automatically determined (aslater explained) by the operation of the FIG. 1 system. Thus, there isno burden on the typist to keyboard in justified or justifiable lines.If an error is made during the keyboarding, that error can be removedfrom the punched codings on tape 11a by the depressing of the specialkey which kills (renders ineffectual) on the tape the codingscorresponding to the entire line of characters in which the error ismade.

The tape 11a extends from the perforator a to a tape reader 20a whichconverts the punched codings on the tape into binary coded electricalsignals. That reader 20a may be, for example, a Model CX74478 tapereader manufactured by the Teletype Corporation. Between the machines10a and 200, the tape 11a has a slack loop on which accumulate codingspunched on the tape by perforator 10a and corresponding to one or moreunits of copy. The reader 20a takes up (feeds into itself) the tape 11ato read the codings stored in its loop only when the reader 200 is givena command to read. The other shown tape readers 20b and 200 are similarto 20a and operate in like manner to read punched codings accumulated inthe loops of, respectively, the tapes 11b and 11c as a result of thepunching of those last-named tapes by, respectively, the perforators 10band 10c.

The readers 20a, 20b and 20c are placed on line" one at a time totransmit a unit or units of copy to a central processing unit 30. Thatis, only one at a time of the readers is operated to convert a punchcoded unit of copy on its associated tape into a string or sequence ofbinary coded electrical signals and to supply that string of codedelectrical signals to the input 33 of the copy processor 30.

In FIG. 1, the selection of which of the tape readers is to so operateat a given time is shown as being accomplished by a switch 31 which maybe thrown manually to any one of three positions corresponding to thethree tape readers. One effect of throwing the switch to a selected oneof such positions is to initiate the reading, converting, andtransmitting operations of the associated reader. Another effect is toestablish a signal transfer connection from the output of that reader tothe input of the copy processor 30. The individual connections for thethree readers are schematically represented in FIG. 1 as being commonlythrough the switch 31 and separately through cables 32a, 32b and 320for, respectively, the readers 20a, 20b and 20c. In practice, thefunctions described herein as being performed by switch 31 may beperformed by an alloter device which automatically puts on line insequence those among the tape readers whose tapes have accumulated apunch coded unit of copy which is ready to be transmitted to the copyprocessing unit.

The unit 30 is a digital electronic data processing computer as, forexample, a model 1620 computer manufactured by International BusinessMachines Corporation, an RCA 301 computer or a model PDP-l computermanufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation. Such a computeroperates in accordance with the stored program principle. That is, asopposed to a computer or other electrical system whose mode of operationis wholly or predominantly determined by the layout of its circuitry,the computer 30 has a circuitry which is unspecialized in the sense thatthe structural layout thereof does not in itself restrict the operationof the computer to one particular mode. Instead, the computer 30 iscapable of performing any one of an almost infinite number ofcombinations of operations, and which particular combination ofoperations the computer does perform is determined by the enteringbeforehand into the computer of a series of electrical signals which areelectronically stored to thereafter provide a selected program of actionfor the computer. Although the storing of such a program makes nostructural changes in the circuitry of the computer, a program which hasso been stored does have the effect of subsequently controlling anddirecting the flow of signals in the circuitry so as to cause theoperations of the computer to accord with those called for by theprogram.

In the present instance, computer 30 has stored therein a program whichdirects the computer to perform certain operations on the strings ofbinary coded electrical signals which represent keyboarded units ofcopy, and which are received in turn at the input 33 of the computer.Those computer operations can best be described in terms of their resulton the output copy provided from the computer, and, during the firstcycle of the FIG. 1 systern, they are as follows:

(1) The revising of the index group" of the unit of copy being processedto include an index number which serves in the next cycle to distinguishthat particular unit of copy from all other units of copy.

(2) The breaking up of the input copy text of random line length intojustifiable lines based on the line measure and type faces as identifiedby the instruction codes included in the input copy.

(3) The assigning of line numbers to all lines of the lineated copyexcept for the heading line which contains the index group and is anunnumbered line or the zero line.

(4) The storing electronically of the newly processed copy (as brokeninto lines) together with the assigned index number, the assigned linenumbers and the instruction codes keyboarded along with the text of thecopy.

(5) The converting of the coding of the newly processed copy intowhatever form is required to print or punch out the copy including theaddition and deletions of codes in order to determine the proper outputformat.

(6) The controlling of the print-out or punch-out of the newly processedcopy.

To consider the above-listed operations in more detail, during the firstand other early copy processing cycles, the breaking of the unit of copyinto justifiable lines (operation 2) is carried out by a mode which istermed herein approximate justification, and which is put into effect byan instruction code keyboarded by the typist. In this mode, whenever thecomputer determines that a word would have to be split by an end-of-linehyphen in order to provide a justifiable line, the computer insteaddetermines which word space bounding that word is closest to the lastcharacter which could be packed into that line and still permitjustification, and the computer then breaks the line at that space.Further, the computer calculates the error in line length as if thetight point (i.e., the selected break point) were a valid break point,and the computer then adds or subtracts that error from the basic linemeasure to which the next line is to be set. The choice of addition orsubtraction of the error will depend on whether the first line wasunderset or overset. The advantage of "approximate justification is thatit avoids the hyphenation problem (by breaking all lines at word spaces)and thereby can be carried out wholly automatically because no humanoperator is needed to provide value judgments" of the places where aword can be hyphenated with grammatical propriety.

During the later cycles of copy processing, the computer 30 is signaledby an instruction code keyboarded by the operator to switch over fromapproximate justification to exact justification. Both modes ofjustification compute line break points in the same manner when linescan be broken without hyphenation. Specifically, for both modes ofjustification, the procedure is that, within the justification range ofthe line as determined by the number of word spaces in that line and thepermissible range width of those spaces, the computer will seek thetightest line that can be set ending with a complete word. It is onlywhen a word must be broken to enable a line to be fitted within thejustification range that the two modes dilfer.

Assuming that a Word must so be broken, when the exact justificationmode has been called for, the computer 30 transmits the electric codingfor that word through a data transfer connection 34 to a hyphenationdisplay unit 40 which may be, for example, the Linased display devicemanufactured by the Compugraphic Corporation of Brookline, Mass. Such adevice comprises a cathode ray tube of which the screen displays inblock letters the word to be hyphenated and, in addition, tight andloose line indiccsbracketing those letters between any two of which theoperator may select a break point. Underneath the screen display is aset of push buttons of which each corresponds to one of the interletterpositions of the word being displayed. A human operator observes thedisplay and then pushes that one of the buttons which is associated withthe interletter position at which the displayed word can be mostappropriately split by an end-of-line hyphen. The pushing of theselected button generates coding which is transmitted back throughconnection 34 to computer 30 to signal to the computer the intcrletterposition chosen for hyphenation.

Turning now to the matter of storage (operation 4), after the computer30 has effected operations 1, 2, and 3, the operated-on string ofcodings is electronically stored by being transmitted through a datatransfer connection 41 to an assembly memory device 45 which may be, forexample, an IBM disc storage drive (model #1311) or an RCA model #381tape drive or an RCA data disc file (model #366). The device 45 isutilized to provide storage only while the computer 30 is processing,subsequent storage being provided by a copy memory 50.

More specifically, the computer 30 is so programmed that, after theprocessing of any given unit of copy has been completed (as indicated byan end instruction code keyboarded on the input copy by the typist), thewhole string of codings corresponding to that copy is called out fromstorage device 45, transmitted through connection 41 back to computer 30and then re-transmitted from the computer through a data transferconnection 46 to the copy memory storage device 50 providing a newstorage place for the string. By virtue of this transfer of informationfrom device 45 to device 50, the device 45 is cleared after eachprocessing of a unit of copy.

The device 50 provides a quasi-permanent storage for each unit of copywhich has been processed and for each of the several versions which arecreated for a given unit of copy as a result of processing it throughseveral cycles of the FIG. 1 system. Within the copy memory device 50,the storage of a unit of copy (or of a version thereof) is line for linestorage in the sense that the entire string of coding stored as a unitof copy is comprised of substrings of coding of which each correspondsto one numbered line of the body of the processed unit of copy (orversion thereof), and of which each can be called out from the copymemory independently of the others. It might be noted that the indexnumber assigned to the copy and the line numbers assigned to thejustifiable lines of the processed copy define addresses of storage ofthe substrings rather than being entered into the memory device asstored signals.

As indicated by FIG. 1, the copy memory 50 may, structurally speaking,be alike to the assembly memory 45. Thus, the copy memory may also beprovided, for

6 example, by an IBM disc storage drive (model #1311), an RCA model #381tape drive or an RCA data disc file (model #366). Functionally speaking,the two memory devices differ because the assembly memory 45 is, asdescribed, utilized to provide only temporary storage for one unit ofcopy being processed, whereas the copy memory provides storage for allunits of copy (and versions thereof) which have been processed by theFIG. 1 system since the time that the entire system was last cleared.(Of course, device 50 must be cleared occasionally in order to avoidhaving its storage capacity exceeded). The purpose in having thequasi-permanent storage of device 50 supplemented by the temporarystorage of the device 45 is that, in the processing of units of copy incycles after the first, the device 50 transmits stored information tocomputer 30 and, in that instance, the device 45 provides a storage sitein lieu of device 50 for the portion so far processed of the copy thenbeing processed, and therefore,

avoids the necessity (which would otherwise arise) of simultaneouslytransmitting data from device 50 to computer 30 and from computer 30 todevice 50.

With regard to the operations which have been listed hereinbefore as #5and #6, as the computer processes a unit of copy, it electrically driveseither an on-line high speed printer (by way of a data transferconnection 56) or an on-line high speed tape punch 60 (by way of a datatransfer connection 61). Both devices have speeds of operationsufficient to keep up with the processing by computer 30. The printer 55is, for example, an RCA high speed printer (model #333) or an IBM highspeed printer (model #1443). The punch 60 is, for example, an RCA punchdesignated as model #332 or the Teletype punch which is designated asmodel BRPE-IS.

The choice as to which of devices 55 and 60 will be driven is made inany processing cycle by an instruction code keyboarded by the typist atthe beginning of that cycle as a part of the input copy. During thefirst and every other cycle except the last, the device which is usuallychosen to be driven is the printer 55. That printer is controlled by thecentral processing unit 30 through the connection 61 to provide aprinted output copy of the input copy as revised by the processing ofthe computer.

During the first cycle the printed output copy differs from the inputcopy in that the index number assigned by the computer to that unit ofcopy appears in the index group which is in red ribbon in the unnumberedheading line at the top of the copy. Further, the random length textlines of the input copy have been grouped into justifiable lines (or atleast approximately justifiable lines), and line number have beenprovided for such lines, the line numbers appearing in red ribbon on theleft hand margin of the output copy. All of the red ribbon instructioncodes which formed parts for the input copy remain in red ribbon in theprinted output copy except for codes which call for, say, indent forparagraph" and in respect to which the instructions have been executedduring the printing-out of the copy.

As indicated by line 65, after the printing of the first output copy(i.e., the copy derived from the first print ing cycle), that copy iseditorially revised at a location represented by block by one or morepersons who are specialists in such matters (e.g., editors, writers,researchers, copy readers, proof readers, copy fitters). The firstrevision of a copy is usually by an editor. After editorial revision,the first printed output copy is submitted for rekeyboarding to thetypist operator of one of the input perforator machines as, say, theperforator 10a. The rekeyboarding by that operator initiates the secondcopy processing cycle for that unit of copy.

During the second cycle, the keyboarding commences with the typing outin red ribbon and in the unnumbered heading line (at the top of thecopy) of the index group as revised to include the index number assignedduring the previous cycle to the first processed version of such unit ofcopy. Thereafter, the keyboarding continues on through the numberedlines (including instruction codes) of the body of the editoriallyrevised first output copy. That keyboarding is, as before, withoutregard to line length (i.e., without justification by the typist) andwithout numbering on the left hand margin of the lines produced in thecourse of keyboarding the new input copy.

Any line of the first output copy which has been editorially revised iskeyboarded in full for the new input copy. Those lines, however, of theoutput copy which have not been changed are not keyboarded. Instead, thetypist replaces those unrevised lines by keyboarding (as instructioncodes) those line numbers which were assigned those saved" lines duringthe first cycle, and which appear among those printed in red ribbon atthe left hand margin of the output copy. In so keyboarding the saved"line numbers, the typist by appropriately associating them may (as laterexplained) provide an individual indication of each of one or more savedlines or, alternatively, provide a collective indication of a wholeblock or unbroken sequence of saved lines. Thus, the typist is relievedof the burden of rekeyboarding those lines of the output copy which havenot been editorially revised (and which may comprise most of the linesof such copy). Moreover, the possibility of generating new typographicalerrors during rekeyboarding is wholly eliminated insofar as theunrevised lines are concerned.

The keyboarding of the editorially revised first output copy serves toconvert it into a second input copy, i.e., the input copy provided forthe second processing cycle. That second input copy is transmitted inthe same way as was the first input copy to the central processing unit30. Within the unit 30, the second input copy is first subjected (underthe control of the stored computer program) to a merging operating(operation #7) which is in addition to the six copy processingoperations, previously mentioned. The merging operation takes place asfollows.

It will be recalled that the keyboarding of the second input copyincluded the keyboarding of the index number assigned that unit of copyduring the first cycle, and, moreover, the keyboarding of theinstruction codes representing the numbers (assigned during the firstcycle) of the lines or blocks of lines which are saved because thosearticular lines were not revised in the course of editorially revisingthe first output copy. The combination of that index number and of agiven one of those line number instruction codes serves to provide theaddress of the corresponding saved lines or block of lines which havebeen stored in the copy memory 50 since the first processing cycle. Inresponse to the detected presence of such a code combination, thecomputer calls out from storage in device 50 the coding corresponding tothe desired saved line or block of lines. Within the computer 30, thevarious called-out sub-strings of codings are merged or spliced with thesub-strings of codings received at the input 33 of the computer andrepresenting the keyboarded, editorially revised lines of the firstoutput copy. By this merging of the revised and unrevised portions ofthe output copy, there is provided in the computer 30 a composite stringof codings which accurately represents that copy as a whole, but ofwhich only a part of the sub-strings have been supplied by the secondcycle keyboarding, the remaining sub-strings being supplied assub-strings stored over in the copy memory from the first processingcycle.

After the mentioned composite string of codings has been formed, thecomputer 30 performs in connection with that string the same sixoperations which were carried out during the first cycle as if thesubject matter processed during the second cycle were an entirely newunit of copy rather than being, as it is, a second version of apreviously processed unit of copy. That is, the computer assigns to thesecond version an index number different from that assigned to the unitof copy during the first cycle. Further, the computer operates de moveto brake the random length lines of the second version into lines whichare juslifiable, and to renumber (if necessary) the lines of the secondversion which result from the breaking procedure. In the course of soprocessing the second version, the justifiable lines are, as before,stored line by line (concurrently with the processing) in assemblymemory 45 and, at the end of processing of the version, are transferredto the copy memory 50 to be stored therein. The second cycle iscompleted by the printing out by the printer 55 of a second output copywhich incorporates the editorial revision made between the first andsecond cycles in the unit of copy under consideration.

The second output copy is editorially revised at location 70 and is thensubmitted for keyboarding to the typist operator at one of the inputperforators 10a10c to thereby initiate a third processing cycle, and soon. The keyboarding and other operations of the third cycle are similarto the already described keyboarding and other operations of the secondcycle. The recycling of the progressively perfected versions of the unitof copy may continue through one, two, or several more cycles. The thirdcycle and each additional cycle is like the second in that the typistoperator keyboards only revised lines, the codings corresponding tothose revised lines are merged in computer 30 with codings of called-upunreviscd lines which have been stored in copy memory 50 since theprevious cycle. a new index number is assigned to the version of theunit of copy which is currently being processed, and that version isnewly broken into justitiable lines and is newly line numbered inrespect to the lines so obtained.

The last cycle at its end is different from the preceding cycles in thatthe last output record is not printed out. Instead, during the lastcycle the computer 30 controls punch 60 by way of connection 61 to punchout a coded output record on a tape of which the coding is compatiblewith the intended use of the tape. For example, if the output record isto be composed on a conventional tape-controlled Linotype machine whichinternally computes the individual widths needed to be assigned to thecharacters and word spaces in a line in order to effect justificationthereof, then the coding which is used on the tape is ordinary six levelTTS (Teletypesetter) code. If, on the other hand, the output record isto be composed on, say, a Model 540 Photocomposer manufactured by thePhoton Corporation, then, because the last-named composer effectsjustification in response to supplied width information rather than byinternal computation, the coding on the tape 75 includes codingsrepresenting for each line to be composed the individual widths whichshould be assigned to characters and word spaces in that line in orderto give proper justification. In such latter instance, the Widthinformation which is coded on tape 75 is provided by an operation ofcomputer 30 which is in the nature of a justification computation.

As indicated by FIG. 1, the tape 75 may be utilized at a local composingsite to, say, control the operation of a local composing machine.Alternatively, the tape 75 may be fed to a tape-actuated transmitter(not shown) linked by radio or wire to a remote receiver which punchesout a duplicate tape for use in composing operations conducted at theremote site.

Copy processing of a specific example A more complete understanding ofthe FIG. 1 system is gained from a consideration of FIGS. 2 and 3A-3J.FIGURE 2 shows by way of a flow diagram the recycling through a numberof transcription cycles of an exemplary unit of copy. FIGS. 3A-3J showthe various forms assumed by such unit of copy in the course of suchrecyclings. The unit of copy which is used as an example is assumed asbeing a unit of copy produced, processed and editorially revised as partof the publishing operations of Time, Inc., the assignee hereof. In thecopy representations of FIGS. 3A-3J any symbol which is underlinedappears in the actual copy without underlining but in red ribbon. Also,the slash marks in FIGS. 3C and 3E appear in red ribbon in the actualcorresponding copy.

Referring now specifically to the last-mentioned figures, a writer haswritten his story on an ordinary typewriter to produce a writers copy"(FIG. 3A). That copy is then sent in (FIG. 2) via the Copy Desk for afirst typing.

FIG. 3B shows the typists first copy as it would appear on the platen ofthe input tape perforator after the typist has finished keyboarding(FIG. 2). As mentioned before, that typists first copy (FIG. 3B) has, inpractice, no other function than to provide immediate visual feedback tothe typist. For the purposes of this description, however, it shows someof the procedure which the typist follows in order to provide thecomputer 30 with proper instructions for processing the copy.

The typist starts each story by keyboarding a heading or instructionline. In the instruction line of FIG. 3B, the first seven symbolsTAODOOO form the heretofore mentioned index group," the meaning of thosesymbols being discussed in the text of the reproduced story. The use ofall zeros for the last five symbols of the index group is a flag whichinforms the computer that this is the first time that this story isbeing processed, and that both a story number (to replace the first twozeros) and an index number (to replace the next three zeros) should beassigned by the computer. The story number which will be assigned is thenext available one for the given department (here, The Nation) and, onceassigned, remains constant through all subsequent processing cycles ofthat particular story. The index number which will be assigned is thenext one available in the computer regardless of the source of copy, andthat index number will be different for each processed version of aparticular story.

It might be noted that in the index group the T in the first symbolposition indicates that the story is for the publication Time, and thatthe A in the second symbol position indicates that the story is for TheNation department of Time.

The three shown pairs of letters which follow the index group are thecomposition group which instruct the computer 30 as to the type faces, Af\, the line measure and the format of the story (a which are tocharacterize the printed output copy produced in that cycle by the FIG.1 system. In the instance considered, the code t calls for standardformat hardcopy to be produced by the printer 55. What is meant hereinby standard format hardcopy is a typed copy wherein the lines are triplespaced (to make editorial revision easier), and wherein each typed lineis made up of two printed column lines.

The first heading or instruction" line is followed by a second heading"line which contains miscellaneous information such as an expressindication of the magazine department for which the story was prepared,the name of the writer, the date of typing, the typists initials, etc.Below the second heading line the story has a primary head TECHNOLOGYand a secondary head Here Come The Robots. In the copy of FIG. 3B theinstruction codes DA and E have been keyboarded in directly before theprimary head and secondary head, respectively, to indicate that theirdesired format is that of No. 1 head and No. 2 head, respectively. If nochanges are made in those heads in future typings and copy were to beset by, say, the mentioned Model 540 photocomposer, those code symbolswould be sufficient to punch into the tape of the photocomposer theextra codes required to set those heads along with the body of thestory.

The four uppermost lines of the FIG. B copy are short unjustifiablelines which do not belong to the text of the copy. Those four shortlines are recognized by the computer 30 as being ones for each of whichthe carriage return on the output printer 55 has the same position inthe sequence of printing operations as does the carriage return in thesequence of operations by which that line is keyboarded. Suchrecognition may be provided by special instruction codes (not shown)produced for only those four lines when the typist strikes her carriagereturn key. Alternatively, recognition may be programmed in the sensethat, say, the index group in the instruction line provides to thecomputer 30 a secondary instruction that the line in which that groupappears and the next three following lines are each to be terminated(during printing out) by a carriage return apart from any considerationof whether or not the line is justifiable.

FIG. 3B shows that the typist has started the body of the story with thecode symbols EA to indicate Paragraph and has done so again later tostart a new aragraph as called for by the writer. Finally, at thecompletion of the copy, the typist has used the end code symbols Iii} toindicate that she has finished typing the story. Thereafter, the codingson tape 11a which represent the typed copy are, as described, processedby the computer 30, and a first output version of the unit of copy isprinted out by the printer 55 (FIG 2).

FIG. 3C represents the first output version after it has been revised byan editor (FIG. 2) and is ready for keyboarding. Ignoring the editorsmarks, the FIG. 3C copy shows some of the changes effected in the unitof copy as a result of its initial cycle of processing. First, in thethird and fourth symbol positions of the index group, "00 has beenreplaced by the story number 04 which indicates that the storyconsidered is the fourth story worked upon in the same computer run forthe same magazine department (The Nation). Moreover, the computer hasfurther operated to assign to the first processed version of the storythe index number "306" which appears in the fifth to seventh symbolpositions of the index group.

Below the instruction line, every line has been numbered. Odd numbersonly are used for the format of FIG. 3C because each line of typescriptrepresents two printed one-column lines. A slash mark (in red ribbon inthe actual copy) appears in the approximate center of typewritten lineto show the division between the two printed lines which it represents.Thus, the printed line (typed half line) following the mark is an evennumbered line.

No hyphenation has been used to break lines. Instead, in computing forjustification purposes, the central processing unit 30 has determinedthe first space nearest the point at which the line would be broken ifit were set in type. In most cases, this space would be the line breakpoint, but, where hyphenation would be required in type setting, thenearest space which would produce the least error is selected. Toprevent accumulative error, an allowance for this adjustment is carriedinto the computation for the next line break. The advantage of suchcompromise mode of justification is that it does not call for the moreelaborate and slower methods of determining hyphenation which are usedin later ones of the copy processing cycles.

One other feature of the first output version is shown in FIGURE 3C atthe conclusion of the body of the story. That feature is that a linecount has been computed by the unit 30 and has been printed out (in thiscase 24 lines).

The FIG. 3C version is, as editorially revised, keyboarded (FIG. 2) bythe typist to provide a second typists copy and, also, the input to theFIG. 1 system for the second copy processing cycle. The second typistscopy is represented by FIG. 3D, and that copy shows the results of thetypists keyboarding as it appears on the platen of her machine. Asillustrated, the typist has keyboarded the instruction line (indexgroup) exactly as it appears on the edited copy which she is working 11from, and, thus, the computer 30 will known where to look for any savedlines which the typist may later call for. The first of those savedlines is the No. 1 head including its identification, PA, as such, andthe typist has called for this by keyboarding QQ which is the linenumber assigned that head during the first cycle. As shown, the editorhas called for a two line No. 2 head to replace the original one lineNo. 2 head.

The first two lines of the body of the edited copy contain no changes,and so the typist has called them out by number. The convention for suchcalling out is that, when two line numbers are typed in sequence withoutany space between them, the computer 30 understands this to means thatthose numbers designate the first and last lines in an unbroken sequenceor block of lines of which the entire block is to be called out from thecopy memory 50. On the other hand, where a line number stands alone oris in a sequence with other line numbers but is separated from theothers by a space, the computer 30 is signaled that only numbersactually typed out represent lines to be saved. Thus, 001003 means thethree lines from Q91 to (3, inclusive, are to be saved, whereas 01 00 3means save these two lines while omitting @g from the new copy.

Further features of the FIG. 3D version are as follows. The editor hasasked that the words Copy Processing System be set in italics, and thetypist has indicated that such is to be done by inserting theinstruction code g3 before those words. Then, because the following textis to be set in Roman, the typist has so indicated by the insertion ofthe instruction code Er; before that text.

Upon the keyboarding of the FIG. 3D version, it is processed (FIG. 2) bythe central processing unit 30 and is then printed out by printer 55 toprovide what is known as a printers copy." The printers copy issubjected to revision by an editor to result in the edited copy which isrepresented by FIG. 3E. As is apparent, the FIG. 3B copy (disregardingthe edit marks thereon) is very similar in format to FIG. 3C, theeditorially revised output hardcopy from the first processing cycle.Note from FIG. 3B that the computer 30 has again assigned a new indexnumber to this latest version of the story, and has gone again throughthe line-breaking computation and assigned line numbers de novo to theprinted-out lines.

According to the customary practice in the publishing art, such aprinters copy would be the final output copy prior to the actualcomposing operation. In the present method, however, the printers copyis recycled by being returned (FIG. 2) to an input typist.

In keyboarding the received copy of FIG. 3B, the typist makes the changeindicated by the editor for the instruction line. To wit, in that linethe instruction code (11 is substituted for the previous instructioncode Q1}. The effect of that substitution is to change the format of thenext output copy to that of the broadreader form suitable for use in adummy. Another eifect of the substitution is that the semi-justificationprocedure used in the earlier copy processing cycles is replaced in thenext cycle by the exact procedure in which end-of-line hyphens are usedas needed, and the insertion of such hyphens is effected by the actionof the person observing and operating the hyphenation display unit 40(FIG.1).

The keyboarding (FIG. 2) of the FIG. 3B version results in the firstbroadreader typists copy which is shown in FIG. 3F. With the exceptionof the above-mentioned change in the instruction line, the typist inkeyboarding to produce the FIG. 3F version has used the same procedureas that previously described in connection with FIG. 3D. The keyboardedversion shown in FIG. 3F is processed by computer 30 (FIG. 2), and theprocessed material is then printed out and is subsequently revised by aneditor to provide the edited first broadreader output copy" which isrepresented by FIG. 36. As indicated in that figure, again a new indexnumber has been automatically assigned to this latest version of storyTAO4, the format is now broadreader format in that it is one column linewide without spacing, and numbers are assigned consecutively to eachline. The dummy room has asked that line E be greened for purposes offit, and the editor has done so (the correction shown at line Q2 6would, in the actual copy, be in green pencil). An additional correctionhas been picked up in line Q21.

The FIG. 36 broadreader is keyboarded as indicated by FIG. 3H to providethe computer input for the fourth cycle and to result in the secondbroadreader typists copy which is illustrated in the last-named figure.The FIG. 3H version of the unit of copy is illustrative of the saving oflabor which can result from being able to call out blocks of savedlines.

The FIG. 3H version after being processed in unit 30 (FIG. 2) andsubsequently printed out by device 55 results in a second broadreaderoutput copy. Since no further copy fitting or proofreading changes arecalled for, that copy is the final printed output copy. As described,however, the desired end product for the succession of copy processingcycles is a final output copy in the form of punched codings in the type75. To obtain this end product, the second broadreader output copy fromhigh speed printer 55 is given a punch-out order (FIG. 2). As a result,the copy is marked up in the manner shown in FIG. 31. That is, the copyis designated as being for tape, a galley number is assigned, and, inthe instruction line, the previous code 9E has been replaced by theinstruction code which calls for punchout.

To effect punch-out, the typist keyboards the bro-adreader of FIG. 31 toinitiate the last cycle of operation and, incidentally, to produce thepunch-out order typist copy which is shown in FIG. 3]. In general, thekeyboarding procedure for the final cycle is similar to the procedure inearlier cycles, and its character will be selfevident from FIG. 3].During the last cycle, the copy processing unit 30 controls (FIG. 2) thehigh speed punch 60 to produce a punched tape version of the copy shownin FIG. 31. However, the codes which, in practice, appear in red in theFIG. 31 boadreader" are omitted and are replaced in the punched tapeversion by codes suitable to the use of the tape. For example, hot metaltape will reproduce on a Teleprinter the words Copy Processing System"(line and Q01) in red ribbon which is the convention for italics. Otheradjustments are made accordingly. On the other hand, if the tape is tobe used in a photocomposer of the type manufactured by the PhotonCorporation, the code Eli would be replaced by the appropriate disclevel code to set italics.

The above described method being exemplary only, it is to be understoodthat additions thereto, omissions therefrom and modifications thereofcan be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and thatthe invention comprehends methods differing in form and/or detail fromthat which has been specifically describe-d. For example, if, during acycle in which line breaking is by exact justification, the computer 3%)encounters a line which cannot in any grammatically acceptable way berendered justifiable by end-of-line hyphenation, the computer can beprogrammed to indicate that the line as it now stands is whollyunjustifiable and requires greening, and the computer can be furtherprogrammed to indicate by special codings what number of standardcharter character or word space units of width must be added to saidline in order to render it (1) tightly justifiable, (2) looselyjustifiable.

Accordingly, the invention is not to be considered as limited save as isconsonant with the recitals of the following claims.

In the claims:

1. A processing system for a unit of copy comprising, keyboard-actuatedtranscribed means to convert the text of said copy when keyboarded intoa first string of cod- 13 ing, program-controlled data processing meansresponsive to said string to assign an index number to said string andto subdivide said string into substrings of coding and to assign linenumbers to those substrings, printer means controlled by said processingmeans to produce a printed uncoded output copy bearing said index numberand the lines of text and line numbers corresponding to said substrings,and data storage means coupled to said processing means to store saidsubstrings in memory, said storage means being responsive to said indexnumber and to selected line numbers when subsequently keyboarded on saidtranscriber means and transmitted as codings to said processing means toselectively call out from memory and supply to said processing means theones of said substrings corresponding to those selected line numbers,said called-out substrings representing saved lines of text of saidoutput copy as revised, and said processing means being responsive tosaid calledout substrings and to substrings derived from a keyboardingin full on said transcriber means of each changed line of text of saidoutput copy as revised to merge such two sets of substrings so as toprovide for control of said printer means a second string of codingsrepresentative of the full text of a revised version of said outputcopy.

2. A system as in claim 1 further comprising output code-changing meanscoupled to said processing means in parallel with said printer means,said processing means being controlled by an instruction codetransmitted thereto from said transcriber means to select for operationone or the other of said printer means and code-changing means, and saidcode-changing means when so selected being controlled by a string ofcoding from said processing means to convert the information representedby said string of coding into a different code and to produce in saiddifferent code a permanent record of said information.

3. A system as in claim 2 in which said code-changing means is coupledto a composing machine controlled by such means to produce a composedversion of said output copy.

4. A system as in claim 1 further comprising additional data storagemeans coupled to said processing means for temporarily storing in memoryduring processing of a string of codings the substrings derivedtherefrom, said additional means being adapted upon completion of saidprocessing to transfer said temporarily stored substrings to saidfirst-named data storage means.

5. A system as in claim 1 further comprising substring length-selectormeans coupled to said processing means to control the division by suchmeans of a string of coding into substrings so as to render justifiablethe lines of text corresponding to those substrings.

6. A processing system for a unit of copy comprising, input meansproviding a string of codings representative of run-together lines oftext of a unit of input copy, programcontrolled data processing meanscoupled to said input means to receive said string and to subdivide saidstring into substrings of coding corresponding to separate lines oftext, and justification range computing and substring length selectormeans responsive to the codings in said string to compute therefrom thesize and position of ranges of codings in said string corresponding tojustification ranges for lines of text derived from said string, saidlastnamed means further providing for selective control of saidsubdividing action as a function of said coding ranges and of thecharacter of the coding-represented text included in those ranges so asto render justifiable the lines of text corresponding to thosesubstrings.

7. A system as in claim 6 in which said substring lengthselector meansincludes means to transcribe coding in said string into correspondingalphanumeric characters of the text of the copy and to visually displaysaid characters together with an indication of a subsequence ofcharacters within which the sequence of said characters may be broken toprovide a justifiable line of text, and manually operated means toselect a break point between two adjacent characters in said subsequenceand to signal said processing means to subdivide said string of codingat a corresponding point into substrings of coding.

8. A processing system as in claim 6 further comprising short term datastorage means coupled to said processing means and operable during saidsubdividing of said string into substrings to provide temporary storagefor said substrings as they are formed, said short term data storagemeans being further operable after the processing of said string hasbeen completed to call out said temporarily stored substrings frommemory so as to clear itself from said substrings and to render suchsubstrings available for utilization by further means.

9. A processing system as in claim 8 further comprising printer meansresponsive to the substrings called out from memory by said short termdata storage means to produce a printed output copy on which saidsubstrings are converted into corresponding separate lines ofjustifiable alphanumeric text.

10. A system as in claim 8 further comprising long term data storagemeans coupled to receive the substrings called out from memory by saidshort term means and to store said susbtrings in memory for subsequentuse by said processing means.

11. A processing system for a unit of copy comprising, keyboard actuatedtranscriber means to convert the lines of text of said copy whenkeyboarded into a first string of coding representative of said lines oftext as run together, program-controlled data processing meansresponsive to said string to assign to said string an index number andto subdivide said string into substrings of coding representative of newlines of text and to assign line numbers to said substrings,justification range computing and substring length-selector meansresponsive to the coding in said string to compute therefrom the sizeand position of ranges of codings in said string corresponding tojustification ranges for lines of text derived from said string, saidlastnamed means further providing for selective control of saidsubdividing action as a function of said coding ranges and of thecoding-represented text included in those ranges so as to render saidsubstrings representative of new lines of text which are justifiable,short term data storage means coupled to said processing means andoperable during the processing of said string to provide temporarystorage for said substrings and operable after said processing has beencompleted to clear itself by reading out such substrings from memory,printer means controlled by said substrings to produce a printed outputcopy bearing said index number and the new lines of text and the linenumbers corresponding to those substrings, and long term data storagemeans coupled to receive the substrings supplied out of memory by saidshort term storage means and to store said substrings in memory ataddresses identified by said index number and the line numberscorresponding to those substrings, said long term storage means beingresponsive to said index number and to selected line numbers whensubsequently keyboarded on said transcriber means and transmitted ascodings to said processing means to selectively call out from memory andsupply to said processing means the ones of said subtrings correspondingto those selected line numbers, said called-out substrings representingsaved lines of text of said output copy as revised, and said processingmeans being responsive to said called-out substrings and to substringsderived from a keyboarding in full on said transcriber means of eachchanged line of text of said output copy as revised to merge such twosets of substrings so as to provide for control of said printer means asecond string of codings representative of the full text of a revisedversion of said output copy.

12. A processing system for copy comprising, data processing meansadapted to process successive versions in coded form of a unit of saidcopy during successive cycles of operation of said processing means,printer means driven by said processing means during each cycle exceptthe last to produce a printed output copy of the code version beingprocessed in that cycle, and codechanging output means driven by saidprocessing means during the last of said cycles to convert into adifferent code the information of the coded version being processed inthat last cycle and to produce a permanent record in said different codeof said information.

13. A processing system for a unit of copy comprising, input meansoperable over first and later transcription cycles for said copy toconvert text thereof into a string of coding during said first cycle andrevised portions of said text into coding during said later cycle,program controlled data processing means coupled to said input means toreceive said coding therefrom, said processing means being operableduring said first cycle to process the string of text-derived codingfrom said input means and operable during said later cycle to mergerevised text coding from said input means with saved text coding fromanother source so as to form a string of coding and to process thelatter string of coding, short term data storage means coupled to saidprocessing means and operable during each of said cycles to receive fromsaid processing means and temporarily store in memory the string ofcoding processed in that cycle, said short term means being furtheroperable after completion of the processing in each such cycle to callout from memory the string of processed coding stored in that cycle tothereby clear itself, and long term data storage means coupled toreceive said called-out string of coding and to store such coding inmemory, said long term means being coupled to said processing means toprovide therefor said source of saved text coding and being operable oncommand to supply saved text coding to said processing means for mergeras described with revised text coding supplied from said input means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,245,045 4/1966 Randlev 340-17253,248,705 4/1966 Dammann et al. 340-4725 ROBERT C. BAILEY, PrimaryExaminer.

M. LISS, G. D. SHAW, Assistant Examiners.

1. A PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR A UNIT OF COPY COMPRISING, KEYBOARD-ACTUATEDTRANSCRIBED MEANS TO CONVERT THE TEXT OF SAID COPY WHEN KEYBOARDED INTOA FIRST STRING OF CODING, PROGRAM-CONTROLLED DATA PROCESSING MEANSRESPONSIVE TO SAID STRING TO ASSIGN AN INDEX NUMBER TO SAID STRING ANDTO SUBDIVIDE SAID STRING INTO SUBSTRINGS OF CODING AND TO ASSIGN LINENUMBERS TO THOSE SUBSTRINGS, PRINTER MEANS CONTROLLED BY SAID PROCESSINGMEANS TO PRODUCE A PRINTED UNCODED OUTPUT COPY BEARING SAID INDEX NUMBERAND THE LINES OF TEXT AND LINE NUMBERS CORRESPONING TO SAID SUBSTRINGS,AND DATA STORAGE MEANS COUPLED TO SAID PROCESSING MEANS TO STORE SAIDSUBSTRINGS IN MEMORY, SAID STORAGE MEANS BEING RESPONSIVE TO SAID INDEXNUMBER AND TO SELECTED LINE NUMBERS WHEN SUBSEQUENTLY KEYBOARDED ON SAIDTRANSCRIBER MEANS AND TRANSMITTED AS CODINGS TO SAID PROCESSING MEANS TOSELECTIVELY CALL OUT FROM MEMORY AND SUPPLY TO SAID PROCESSING MEANS THEONES OF SAID SUBSTRINGS CORRESPONDING TO THOSE SELECTED LINE NUMBERS,SAID CALLED-OUT SUBSTRINGS REPRESENTING SAVED LINES OF TEXT OF SAIDOUTPUT COPY AS REVISED, AND SAID PROCESSING MEANS BEING RESPONSIVE TOSAID CALLEDOUT SUBSTRINGS AND TO SUBSTRINGS DERIVED FROM A KEYBOARDINGIN FULL ON SAID TRANSCRIBER MEANS OF EACH CHANGED LINE OF TEXT OF SAIDOUTPUT COPY AS REVISED TO MERGE SUCH TWO SETS OF SUBSTRINGS SO AS TOPROVIDE FOR CONTROL OF SAID PRINTER MEANS A SECOND STRING OF CODINGSREPRESENTATIVE OF THE FULL TEXT OF A REVISED VERSION OF SAID OUTPUTCOPY.